Every cosmetic product sold in the EU is required by law to display a full ingredient list using INCI names — the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients. These are standardised Latin or English names used across the entire industry, regardless of the brand or country of origin.
Once you understand how to read them, ingredient lists become one of the most useful tools for choosing the right products for your skin.
How is the list ordered?
Ingredients are listed in descending order of concentration — the ingredient present in the highest amount comes first. The first five or so ingredients typically make up the bulk of the formula. Ingredients listed below 1% concentration can appear in any order.
This means that an ingredient listed near the bottom of a long list is present in a very small amount — which may or may not affect its efficacy depending on the ingredient.
What does “Aqua/Water” mean?
Most skincare products start with Aqua (water). This is the base of most water-based formulas and is completely normal. It’s not a filler — water is the solvent that allows other ingredients to be delivered to the skin.
Key ingredients to look for in acne-prone skin products
- Salicylic Acid — a BHA that penetrates pores and helps reduce congestion
- Lactic Acid / Glycolic Acid — AHAs that support skin renewal and texture
- Niacinamide — supports the skin barrier and may help reduce redness
- Glycerin / Sodium PCA — humectants that help skin retain moisture
- Zinc PCA — may help regulate sebum production
What about fragrance?
Fragrance in skincare is listed as “Parfum” or “Fragrance” in the INCI. EU regulations require that specific fragrance allergens present above certain thresholds must be listed individually by name (e.g. Linalool, Limonene, Geraniol). If you have sensitive skin, checking for these is worthwhile.
Why we show our full INCI lists
At REAL., we publish the complete INCI list for every product. Not because we’re required to — though we are — but because we think you should know exactly what you’re putting on your skin. No hidden ingredients, no vague “proprietary blend” language.
You can find the full ingredient lists for all REAL. products on each product page and on our Product Safety Information page.
Sources: EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009. Personal Care Products Council INCI Dictionary.
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